TILT ANGLE OPTIMIZATION OF A ROOFTOP ON-GRID SOLAR PV SYSTEM AT HASANUDDIN UNIVERSITY ENGINEERING CAMPUS, GOWA, USING PVSYST SIMULATION
Keywords:
energy yield, optimal tilt angle, performance ratio, PVsyst, South SulawesiAbstract
The tilt angle of solar panels is a critical parameter determining the productivity of a Photovoltaic Power Plant (PVPP) system. This study determines the optimal tilt angle for solar panels on the roof of the Naval Engineering Department Building, Hasanuddin University Engineering Campus, Gowa, using PVsyst version 7.2.21. Seven tilt angles (0°–30°, 5° intervals) were simulated with a fixed azimuth of 0° (north-facing), for a 12.32 kWp system (28 monocrystalline modules, 440 Wp) with a 12 kWac three-phase inverter, using Meteonorm 8.0 irradiation data (5°14' S, 119°30' E). Results show the 5°–10° tilt range produces the highest Energy Yield (18,949–18,991 kWh/year, statistically equivalent within Meteonorm's ±6.1% uncertainty), with the simulated peak at 10° yielding a Performance Ratio of 82.27% and Specific Yield of 1,541 kWh/kWp/year. This is consistent with the theoretical optimum of 5.71° from Indonesia's empirical tilt equation, with an estimated CO₂ emission reduction of 17,092 kgCO₂/year. As this study uses a generic monocrystalline module, fixed azimuth, and excludes near-shading analysis, findings should be interpreted as a tilt-only optimization. This study provides applicable technical recommendations for rooftop solar planners in South Sulawesi, with field validation recommended as follow-up.
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